Grade 12 Biology

-

 Grade 12

Biology

πŸ“–TextbookπŸ“–

πŸ“•Special Guide BookπŸ“• 


Bio α€€ိုα€œွα€š်α€œွα€š်ရထောင် α€˜α€š်α€œိုα€€ျα€€်α€™α€œဲ?



Exam Types


Chapter 1

Introduction to Biology (Pg. 

1.1 Themes of Biology 

1.1.1 Themes 1: New Properties Emerge at Successive Levels of Biological Organization (Pg. 1) 

1.1.2 Themes 2: Life's Processes Involve the Expression and Transmission of Genetic Information (Pg.2)

1.1. 3 Life Requires The Transfer and Transformation of Energy and Matter (Pg. 3) 

1.1.4 Themes 4: Molecules to Ecosystems, Interaction in Biological Systems  (Pg.3) 

1.1.5 Themes 5: Evolution for The Unity and Diversity of Life (Pg.3)



1.2 Importance of Biology in Daily Life (Pg. 5) 

1.2.1 Agriculture, Hoticulture and Hydroponic Culture (Pg. 5) 

Agriculture (Pg.5)

1.2.1 Agriculture, Hoticulture and Hydroponic Culture (Pg. 5) 

Hoticulture (Pg. 7)

Hydroponic Culture (Pg.8) 


1.2.2 Aquaculture and Livestock (Pg.9) 

1.2.3 Food (Pg.12)


1.2.4 Health and Medicine (Pg.13)



1.2.5 Clothing and Shelter (Pg. 15 - 18) 


 Review Questions (Pg.18)

Chapter 1 & 2 MCQ



Chapter 2 

Molecular Biology 

Learning Outcome (Pg. 21) 

2.1 Introduction to Molecular Biology 

2.1.1 The Structure of DNA (Pg. 22) 

2.1.2 The Structure of RNA (Pg. 24) 

2.1.3 The Role of DNA (Pg. 25) 

2.1.4 DNA Replication (Pg. 25)


2.2 Protein Synthesis (Pg.29) 

2.2.1 Transcription (Pg. 29)


 2.2.2 Translation 

Genetic Code (Pg. 32)



2.3 Molecular Biology Techniques

2.4 Production of Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs) (Pg. 40)


2.4.2 Production of Genetically Modified Plants (42)

Production of Golden Rice (Pg. 43)


2.4.3 Production of Genetically Modified Animal (Pg. 44)
 Production of Genetically Modified Sheep (Pg. 44)

Chapter 2
MCQ



Chapter 3
Transport System in Organism (Pg. 49) 

3.1 Transport System in Plants


3.1.1 Structure of Transport Tissues (Pg. 50)


3.2 Transport Mechanisms in Plants (Pg. 51)
3.2.1 Movement of Water in Plants


3.3 Transpiration (Pg. 53)
3.3.1 Factors affecting Transpiration


3.3.2 Benefits of Transpiration
3.3.3 Demonstration of Transpiration Pull



3.4 Translocation (Pg. 55)


3.5 Transport System in Animals 
(Pg. 56)
3.5.1 Principles of Circulation
3.5.2 The need for Transport
3.5.3 Features of Mass Transport Systems


3.6 Circulatory System


3.7 Cardiovascular System in Mammals (Pg. 59)
3.7.1 The Structure of The Human Heart



3.7.2 Blood Vessels (Pg. 61)



3.7.3 The Components of The Blood (Pg. 64)


3.7.4 The Clotting Of The Blood 
(Pg. 65)



3.7.5 The Cardiac Cycle (Pg. 66)



3.7.6 Control of Heartbeat (Pg. 67)



3.8 Lymphatic System (Pg. 68)


Chapter 4
Diseases in Plants and Animals 
(Pg. 73)  
4.1 Plant Diseases
4.1.1 Disease Causing Factors


4.1.2 Signs and Symptoms of Diseases (Pg. 75)


4.1.3 Types of Pathogen (Pg. 76)


4.1.4 Control of Plant Diseases
 (Pg. 79)



4.2 Animal Diseases (Pg. 79)
4.2.​1 Non-Infectious Diseases

Prevention of Cardiacvacular Diseases & Treatment (Pg. 85)

4.2.2 Infectious Diseases (Pg. 85)


Transmission of Maleria (Pg. 86)



Treating Malaria and Preventing Malaria (Pg. 88)



Chapter 5
Coordination and Responses 

(Pg. 93) 

Learning Outcomes

5.1 Coordination and Response in Plants 

5.2 Growth and Development


5.2.1 Plant Growth Regulators 

(Pg 95) 


Plant Hormones





5.2.2 Seed Dormancy (Pg. 97) 

5.2.3 Seed Germination 

5.2.4 Photoperidism 

5.2.5 Photomorphogenesis


5.3 Coordination and Response in Animals (Pg. 99) 

5.3.1 Human Nervous System


5.3. 2 Structure of Neurones 

5.3.3 Synapes


5.4 Sense Organs (Pg. 111)

5.5 The Endocrine System 

5.5.1 Endocrine Glands and Hormones 

5.5.2 Comparism between Nervous System and Endocrine System



Chapter 6 

Biodiversity and Conservation 

(Pg. 122)

6.1 Biodiversity 

6.1 1 Levels of Biodiversity 

6.1.2 Importance of Biodiversity


6.2 Biodiversity in Myanmar 

(Pg. 124)

6.2.1 Forest Diversity 

6.2.2 Animal Diversity or Endanger Species


6.3 Threats to Biodiversity 

(Pg. 128)

6.3.1 Habitat Destruction 

6.3.2 Invasive Alien Species (IAS) 

6.3.3 Genetic Pollution


6.3.4 Overexploitation (Pg. 131)

6.3.5 Climate Change 

6.3.6 Human Overpopulation 

6.3.7 Wildlife Trade


6.4 Conservation (Pg. 134)

6.4.1 Reasons for Conservation 

6.4.2 Conservation Mathod 

6.4.3 Protected Areas in Myanmar


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